Frequency of Deception
Frequency of Deception/Radiofrecuencia de engaños is an in-depth investigative series into misinformation and disinformation on Spanish-language radio in the United States. This series was produced by Feet in 2 Worlds in partnership with WNYC’s Notes from America, palabra and Puente News Collaborative.
About the investigation
For the past two years, Feet in 2 Worlds has conducted an in-depth investigation into misinformation and disinformation on Spanish-language radio in the United States. The project, in partnership with WNYC’s Notes from America, palabra and Puente News Collaborative, examines who is behind false and misleading information and how it impacts Latino communities across the U.S. and threatens democracy.
At a time when Spanish-language journalism is often underfunded and news deserts proliferate, misinformers can easily fill the void. This ultimately impacts the ability of Latino voters to make informed decisions at the ballot box — and has repercussions beyond elections, influencing conversations about society, politics and everyday life.
Our reporting covers the operations of local radio stations and radio networks, as well as radio hosts, and foreign broadcasters that regularly spread mis- and disinformation to Spanish-speaking audiences in the U.S. and Latin America. We also highlight those working to identify and combat false information aimed at Latinos — including journalists, community organizers, fact checkers, academic researchers and broadcasters.
Through this series, we aim to show how information travels throughout Latino diasporic communities, and we explore how culturally specific misinformation can take hold among populations with connections to a range of Latin American nations including Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Colombia and others. We also provide practical advice and resources in Spanish and English to radio listeners and news consumers who want to make sure that the information they receive is truthful and trustworthy.
While our story focuses on stakeholders in local communities including Miami, FL and Las Vegas, NV, the broader implications are national. We believe our reporting is especially significant as we approach the 2024 election.
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Credits
Digital series:
REPORTERS
Lead Reporter: Paulina Velasco
Reporter: Alfredo Corchado
Reporter: Andrés Pacheco-Girón
Reporter and Lead Story Developer: Martina Guzmán
Researcher: Stephanie Rodriguez
Researcher: Jordan Rynning
EDITORS
Editor: John Rudolph
Editor: Valeria Fernández
Editor: Mia Warren
Editor: Quincy Surasmith
EDITORIAL SUPPORT
Managing editor Fi2W: Mia Warren
Managing editor palabra: Valeria Fernández
Fact-Checker: Julie Schwietert Collazo
Translator: Nathalie Alonso
Spanish Copy Editor: Ana Laura Lissardy
English Copy Editor: Quincy Surasmith
Intern: Andrés Pacheco-Girón
Field Photography: Jennifer A. Ortiz
Visual Editor: Yunuen Bonaparte
Graphics Designer: Daniel Robles
audio story:
Host: Kai Wright
Reporter: Paulina Velasco
Editors: John Rudolph, Karen Frillman, Mia Warren, Quincy Surasmith
Associate Producer: Andrés Pacheco-Girón
Vice President of WNYC: Lindsay Foster Thomas
Producer: Siona Peterous
Engineer: Jared Paul
Voice Over: Virginia Lora, Valeria Fernández, Martina Guzmán, Andrés Pacheco-Girón
The radio programs referenced in our reporting were archived, preserved, and made available by the Internet Archive. Data journalist Jordan Rynning developed software to identify misinformation in those programs.
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Feet in 2 Worlds is supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The Ford Foundation, the Fernandez Pave the Way Foundation, an anonymous donor, and contributors to our annual NewsMatch campaign. The Fund for Investigative Journalism provided funding for this project.
Stanford University journalism students Janelle Olisea, Eve Lu, and Xavier Martinez contributed to this report, as well as Irene Casado Sanchez, Big Local News data journalist.
This series is based on original reporting by investigative reporter Martina Guzmán.
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Latino voters in Wisconsin face a surge of immigration-related disinformation on social media and television. Meanwhile, Spanish-language radio is underutilized to reach this same group of voters.